September 5, 2006

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Headline News


Truck Driver Training Schools Receiving PTDI Certification Exemplify Diversity and Concern for Quality Nationwide

Alexandria, Virginia – Six truck driver training schools from Washington to Virginia recently received certification and recertification of their courses from the Professional Truck Driver Institute (PTDI). The courses are offered at varying venues, from publicly-funded colleges to a small, family-run private school, to an entry-level truck driving company, reflecting the diversity of the programs and students enrolled nationwide in PTDI-certified courses.

Bates Technical College, a two-year institution that has offered truck driver training for more than 20 years, is one example of how diverse the population of PTDI-trained drivers has become. Located in Tacoma, Washington, Bates educates potential drivers ranging in age from 20s to 50s, and has a balanced female to male ratio. Some are students seeking a new career in mid-life, while others are unemployed and desiring a stable job. Some have arrived from countries such as the Ukraine needing ESL courses, which they can obtain through the college.

The majority of students come from a 200 mile range. “Some drive 60 to 70 miles per day to get here,” said Kris Manning, executive dean of instruction. One reason for the attraction may be that Bates is the only school in the area with PTDI course certification.

“We look at anything we can do to put an added value piece in our program, and, of course, PTDI was a perfect fit,” said Manning. But the best advertisement, he said, is former students. “They come back and speak to the classroom. They will drive their rigs right up here, and tell the students how great it is.”

Even a small school like Southern Missouri Truck Driving School benefits from PTDI certification. This family-owned business, with only four full-time instructors and one part-time, received its first PTDI course certification in 1999, after only two years in operation. “When potential students come in here, I try to show them the benefits of getting quality training even if it may take a couple of weeks longer,” said Regina McClendon, Administrator of Office & Classroom. “When talking to students, I use an article I read in Trucker magazine that reported a lower percentage of truck drivers succeed when they aren’t trained properly. We try to introduce our students to every situation or experience they may come across to prepare them, from the simplest things like pulling up to get fuel.

“A graduate of a quick program may get scared in a situation he doesn’t know how to handle and may not go back to trucking. The trucking industry won’t hold your hand when you’re out there, but we give them as much as we can to help them along the way.”

Also recognizing the need for proper training in the industry, Don Hess, director, Transportation & Public Safety Programs at John Wood Community College, in Quincy, Illinois, made arrangements for the small truck-driver training program to apply for PTDI certification as soon as he came on board in 1994. “The first direct benefit of PTDI certification is to the student,” said Hess. “It’s an assurance that they are indeed getting the proper training. For the unsuspecting student, there are a lot of fast talkers out there, but when students see the PTDI stamp of certification, they can be sure that the program has been checked out thoroughly by an outside and completely objective agency and found to meet quality training. I’m a firm believer in PTDI and have been on the board for years.”

While Southern Missouri and John Wood Community College graduate only about 90 students on average, others such as Bates and Iowa Central Community College graduate more than 150 per year. The one characteristic all these schools have in common—their commitment to safety and high-quality training. In fact, some programs exceed the amount of hours PTDI requires and have lengthened their curriculum as a result of their dedication.

Bates’ truck driver program, for example, is over 700 hours. Iowa Central Community College increased its hours, from its initial 150 hours in 1971 to its current 600 hours, which includes on-the-job training. “We exceed those requirements because we want to make sure that we meet the needs of the industry and the people we serve,” said Jeff Frank, director of the program.

Located in Fort Dodge, Iowa Central Community College serves nine counties in an area of the state that is the most populated with trucking opportunities. “We have national motor carriers in our back door and we are focused on building relationships with these carriers. It’s our mission to serve them,” said Frank, adding that more carriers are requesting PTDI certification.

At Iowa Central, students are pre-approved for hire by the carrier on the condition they successfully complete the program. “We work hard on getting people prequalified,” Frank said. “We like to put the cart before the horse, because the student’s focus is much better if he or she is not concerned about getting a job.”

As one of the largest trucking employers, Swift Transportation opened Swift Driving Academies to ensure it supplies properly trained drivers to its companies. “There’s nothing else out there like PTDI,” said Tim McLain, national director for Swift Transportation. Two Swift Driving Academies, located in San Antonio, Texas, and in Richmond, Virginia, have just received initial certification, representing the fourth and fifth Swift locations to certify their courses. McLain said the company plans to obtain PTDI course certification for all of its academies nationwide.

PTDI is a national, nonprofit organization established for the twofold purpose of developing uniform industry skill, curriculum, and certification standards for entry-level truck driver training and motor carrier driver finishing programs, and certifying entry-level truck driver training courses at public and private schools and driver finishing programs at carriers for compliance with PTDI standards. PTDI is based in Alexandria, Virginia.

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Summary and Analysis of FMCSA's Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on Electronic On-board Recorders (EOBRs) for Hours of Service Compliance

As current TCA policy dictates the support of EOBR usage on a voluntary basis, our concerns with an EOBR mandate were as follows based upon the TCA comments filed in regard to the 2004 ANPRM:

1. Privacy
2. Cost
3. Furtherance of the Driver Shortage Issue 
4. Data Ownership
5. Limitation of Technology

The following is an excellent recap of the EOBR Notice of Proposed Rulemaking announced by FMCSA on Thursday, January 11.  TCA will be working with its membership to develop comments in regard to the NPRM that will appear in the Federal Register on January 18th .The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) announced it will publish a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) in the Federal Register on the use of Electronic On-Board Recorders (EOBRs) by the trucking industry for compliance with Hours of Service (HOS) rules on January 18th. In promulgating this proposed rule, FMCSA is attempting to answer previous court criticism in the HOS litigation that the agency had not properly addressed the use of EOBRs, as well as fulfilling directions given the agency by Congress. The intent of this proposed rule is to improve highway safety by fostering development of new EOBR technology for HOS compliance, encouraging its use by motor carriers through incentives and requiring its use by operators with serious and continuing HOS compliance problems.

The NPRM has three major thrusts:

1. Proposed Regulatory Incentives to Encourage Greater Voluntary Adoption of EOBRs – No overall EOBR mandate but beneficial safety compliance procedures offered and comments on other incentives sought.

The EOBR proposal does not mandate EOBRs for safe and responsible motor carriers -- it instead attempts to encourage voluntary EOBR adoption. FMCSA lacks authority to offer the financial incentives or technology tax credits desired by many in the trucking industry. Only Congress can do that. Here, FMCSA offers two safety compliance incentives for motor carriers voluntarily adopting EOBRs for HOS compliance and seeks comments on other potential incentives:

a) Alternative Compliance Review Procedures. When conducting a Compliance Review on a motor carrier using EOBRs, FMCSA would look at the entire scope of the carrier’s HOS compliance and not just, as at present, at a problem area within the motor carrier’s operation. For example, if a motor carrier had HOS compliance problems within its Northern Division, FMCSA currently would examine a focused (selective) sample of driver’s logs within that Northern Division to determine any enforcement action and penalties. Under the proposal, a motor carrier voluntarily using EOBRs could say that its Northern Division is not representative of its entire operations and ask FMCSA to, instead, examine a random sample of logs from everywhere – thus potentially reducing or eliminating any penalties.
b) Partial Relief from HOS Supporting Documents Requirements. FMCSA recognizes that EOBRs will capture much of the data on vehicle movement required for verification of HOS compliance now found in voluminous paper “HOS supporting documents.” Where EOBRs do the job, FMCSA would relieve motor carriers voluntarily using the devices from that paperwork burden. (Note, though, that the electronic records produced by EOBRs do not document what the driver may be doing when the truck is stopped and other records may continue to be needed to document on-duty, not driving driver status.)

In addition to these two proposed incentives, FMCSA seeks public comment on other possible incentives for voluntary adoption of EOBRs, including:

a) whether voluntary use of EOBRs should allow flexibility in the current 14-hour workday restriction, such as by allowing EOBR-documented rest breaks to extend the workday;
b) whether voluntary use of EOBRs should allow flexibility in use of sleeper berths, such as excluding the current 2-hour sleeper berth period from calculation of the overall workday; and
c)whether voluntary use of EOBRs should allow a more streamlined Compliance Review, by potentially excluding from the CR segments of a motor carrier’s operations which utilize EOBRs.

As with the entire NPRM, whether FMCSA adopts the proposed or any further incentives will depend on public comments, especially comments on the safety impacts of the rule, incorporating data, research and actual operational experience.

2. Proposed Mandatory Adoption of EOBRs for a Percentage of Motor Carriers with a Documented History of Severe Non-Compliance with Hours of Service Rules – This component establishes HOS non-compliance criteria which, if met, would trigger a requirement for a carrier to equip all of its trucks with compliant EOBRs.

While the proposal does not mandate EOBRs for safe and responsible motor carriers, those motor carriers who are found by FMCSA to have “critical” HOS non-compliance twice within a two-year period would be required by FMCSA to use EOBRs. The EOBR requirement would extend to owner-operators under lease to the non-compliant motor carrier. A “critical” HOS violation is one where 10% or more of the driver’s logs examined by FMCSA during a Compliance Review are found not to be in compliance with HOS rules. The NPRM includes a list of 24 possible HOS violations. FMCSA intends by this provision to focus on carriers with severe problems, while encouraging others to adopt and use this new technology.

3. Proposed EOBR Performance Specifications – These address how the recorder must perform, what data it must collect, etc.

FMCSA regulations already allow the use of certain recording devices for Hours of Service compliance. Under the proposal, existing devices could continue to be used for the life of the vehicle. The proposal would update the technical specifications for future devices to bring EOBRs into today’s electronic engine, digital wireless communication world.

The technical specifications in this NPRM would be performance standards, setting forth what data the EOBRs need to capture, how frequently, and with what degree of accuracy and how, then, that data must be presented for law enforcement purposes. Under these standards, EOBRs would have to include Global Positioning System (GPS) technology or other location tracking systems to automatically identify the location of a truck. The standards would continue to require EOBRs to record the basic information needed to document a driver and his/her workday, such as: the identity of the driver, duty status, time, data and location of the truck, distance traveled during operation, etc.

The NPRM does not dictate how EOBR manufacturers are to achieve those performance standards – it does not propose design standards. The idea at FMCSA is to allow the marketplace to develop innovative and low-cost devices so that more motor carriers voluntarily use EOBRs. In particular, the NPRM would not require the EOBR to be integrated into the truck engine. This would allow development of, for example, GPS-enabled cell phones for HOS compliance.

The proposal speaks only to the data necessary for verification of HOS compliance and only applies to drivers and vehicles for which driver logs must currently be maintained. Motor carriers can choose whether to adopt devices which also capture operational and proprietary data, such as engine or driver performance and business transactions. A two-year lead time is built in the proposal, allowing manufacturers, motor carriers and law enforcement to make adjustments and conduct training before the final rule would be enforced. This summary was written by Dave Osiecki, VP Safety, and Security & Operations for ATA.

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ATRI Issues Final Request for Hours-of-Service Data

The American Transportation Research Institute announced today its final request for motor carrier safety data to measure the effects of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration’s hours-of-service provision that substantially altered the sleeper berth exception affecting drivers’ ability to split sleeper berth time.

ATRI began collecting quarterly data a year ago in an effort to track changes in driver safety performance and measure it against the overall safety impacts of the 2004 hours-of-service rules, which included a more flexible sleeper berth provision. This data collection is for carrier safety data from the fourth quarter of 2006

ATRI’s study represents the second phase of data collection as part of its continuing research to measure the safety impacts of the hours-of-service rules changes.  Information required includes collision and driver injury data covering the period October 1 through December 31, 2006. ATRI requests that motor carriers submit data no later than January 26, 2007.  Carriers interested in providing data can contact Brian Smith, ATRI Research Associate, at (770) 432-0628 or at bsmith@trucking.org.

“The response to our quarterly data collections has been positive and we are eager to analyze the data to identify safety trends,” said Rebecca Brewster, ATRI president.  “With a similar response to this fourth quarter data collection, we hope to have preliminary results in February.”

Last year ATRI published the findings from its first hours-of-service study, “Safety Impacts of the New Hours of Service,” analyzing the safety effects of the 2004 rules. The study compared the data with previous hours-of-service rules that had governed driver health, safety and carrier productivity for decades. This research found that the 2004 driver work and rest rules generated significant improvements in driver safety performance.

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The Frontline Approach to Driver Retention Show Drivers You Care

Rarely a week goes by that we, at Motor Transport Underwriters, aren’t being asked by a client for ideas to help improve driver recruiting. My first response is why are drivers leaving and what are you doing to retain your existing personnel? Many times there is an awkward silence on the other end of the line. High driver turnover seems to be a condition inherent to the industry. However, it baffles me why we accept this as an inevitable fact of life in trucking.

Approximately 70% of the companies we see simply do not have an adequate mechanism in place to retain existing drivers. Yet, great resources are expended to keep new driver orientation classes full with a steady stream of fresh faces. Sometimes I think there is a subconscious feeling in the industry that it may be easier to find new drivers than retain existing personnel. However, driver retention can be drastically improved with moderate effort and the establishment of a Driver Care initiative.

Finding Out Why the Driver Leaves
The first step towards solving any problem is first identifying the root cause. Most companies we see simply do not have reliable data on why drivers leave. Granted, it may be difficult talking face to face with a driver when they decide to quit on the road. However, why not follow-up by phone within the week and ask the driver why the company did not meet their needs. This information will prove invaluable in formulating a driver retention plan. I have worked with clients that have even gotten drivers back through such a conversation.

This process is, however, reactive. How do we use this information to improve driver turnover before it happens? In most cases we find some type of operations-related issue caused the driver departure. This can be anything from too little freight to a disagreement with a dispatcher or driver manager. Drivers also have personal issues that may lead to their leaving.

Partnership between Driver and Driver Manager
An often over-looked key to driver retention is the driver manager or dispatcher. These individuals are the primary link between the company and driver. They may speak several times a day with the driver. Each interaction has the potential of either causing yet another driver departure or fostering a long-term relationship. By following these simple steps your front-line operations personnel can greatly reduce the need for new driver recruits.

First, a partnership must be encouraged between the driver and manager or dispatcher. In order to achieve this, each driver must be assigned to a specific dispatcher. This allows for consistency and over time, a solid working relationship that will make your operation more efficient and profitable while improving retention.

The next step is to properly train and support operations personnel. Oftentimes driver frustrations begin with poor communication or the feeling they are not important to the company. Frontline personnel must be trained to effectively communicate information the driver needs to do his or her job. Most importantly, they must be trained to listen. The dispatcher must become the eyes and ears for the company when it comes to driver management and retention.

They must also know how to recognize changes in a driver’s behavior that could signal a potential problem. These could include personal problems, family issues, health concerns or just a general change in the driver’s attitude. We have known for some time personal distractions contribute to accident frequency and severity. In studying drivers who left companies, many times these types of issues also led to the departure. Most frustrating is the fact a simple accommodation, such as a day off, could have saved the driver.

Training for Operations and Upper-Management
We usually start the training process with an initial seminar for operations and management personnel. It is then important for the education to continue through periodic meetings or refresher training to keep the goals in the forefront. This also allows operations personnel to formally share ideas on how to continually improve the program. This better promotes ownership among the dispatch personnel.

Many times we have seen great ideas or programs initiated within organizations. However, the company fails to build an adequate support structure to support this Driver Care initiative. A formal mechanism must be created and supported to take this information provided by the frontline personnel and actually do something about it. The individual or team charged with this responsibility may also have to determine the validity of some of these concerns.

There are also times when the driver may have a problem or issue that involves the dispatcher or driver manager. If the issue cannot first be resolved through normal channels, they must have the option to communicate these concerns directly to the Driver Care Team. In most companies this does not have to be a fulltime position. Some organizations use volunteers.

Once the structure has been set, there has to be a way to measure the success of each dispatcher or driver manager. Many companies only measure and reward production of frontline operations personnel. Aside from the obvious liability defense problems this can cause, it doesn’t send the best message to personnel. We like to see performance measures for dispatchers/driver managers include driver turnover, accidents, log violations from company audits and roadside driver out-of-service in addition to productivity. This promotes team building and gives operations personnel encouragement to take responsibility for the activities of the driver.

These are just some of the primary initiatives we use to start a Driver Care program. As the program grows, it can also be expanded to bring drivers’ families into the mix. Operations and driver incentive programs can also be structured to better promote the process.

The bottom line is we loose drivers because we do not do everything possible to forge a bond between driver and company. These drivers generally aren’t leaving the industry. They wander from company to company looking to have their basic needs met. Rebuilding an organization around meeting these needs will indeed lead to a more efficient and profitable organization. In the process organizations will also reap the benefits of improved customer service, regulatory compliance and accident experience.

For More Information on the Motor Transport Underwriters “Driver Care” program please contact Jeff Davis at 1-800-809-3660 ext. 2034 or by email at jdavis@mtuinc.com.

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